Gingivitis
Gingivitis is characterized by inflammation of the gingiva without destruction of the periodontal ligament or bone, which distinguishes it from periodontitis.
Symptoms
- Mild gum swelling
- Tenderness
- Erythema
- Bleeding gums when brushing
- Bad breath or bad taste in the mouth
Etiology
- Bacteria and food residue (plaque) stick to teeth near the gumline and cause irritation and inflammation of the gums
- Changes in hormone levels as a result of puberty, pregnancy, and diabetes can modify the gingival response to plaque, resulting in increased gingivitis
- Oral foreign bodies such as popcorn kernels are a frequent culprit in acute gum inflammation
Preventive Measures & Treatment
- Effective brushing and flossing
- Regular dental visits to remove plaque accumulation and reinforce appropriate home care
Mild Gingivitis
Judith Skelton, MEd, PhD
Moderately Severe Gingivitis
John McDowell, DDS